West Nile virus (WNV) is a viral infection that is primarily spread through the bite of infected mosquitoes. The virus is named after the West Nile region of Uganda, where it was first identified in 1937. WNV is commonly found in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Asia. However, it has also been found in North America since 1999 and has since become a significant public health concern in the United States and Canada.
Most people who are infected with WNV do not develop any symptoms. However, approximately 20% of infected individuals may experience mild to severe symptoms, including fever, headache, body aches, joint pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and rash. In severe cases, WNV can cause inflammation of the brain and spinal cord (encephalitis and meningitis), which can lead to permanent neurological damage or death. People over the age of 50 or those with weakened immune systems are at a higher risk of developing severe symptoms.
There is no specific treatment for WNV, so prevention is crucial. The best way to prevent WNV is to avoid mosquito bites and eliminate potential mosquito breeding sites. People can protect themselves by using insect repellent, wearing long-sleeved shirts and pants, and staying indoors during peak mosquito hours. It’s also important to eliminate standing water around your home or property and to ensure that window and door screens are in good condition to prevent mosquitoes from entering your home.